The Japanese stock market had its worst month on record in October, falling more than 20%, as concerted efforts by policymakers to support markets failed to stem growing concern that the financial turmoil and stronger yen will affect exports and economic growth. To prop up the stock market and financial system, the Bank of Japan cut its benchmark interest rate for the first time in seven years, boosted bank liquidity, offered lenders broader access to US dollar loans and banned short selling.September economic data were generally poor: exports rose less than expected; retails sales fell; and bankruptcies increased as lending dried up. On a positive note, consumer and producer prices moderated. Prime minister Taro Aso unveiled a ¥5trn economic stimulus package and ruled out snap elections. There were no major changes to the portfolio in October.